Nowadays there is a wide variety of apples. All these varieties can be summer, autumn or winter.
The most popular is the sweet and sour variety of apples, which is called Yantar.
He is valued not only for his excellent taste, but also for the fact that with the help of him breeders have the opportunity to create new winter-hardy varieties characterized by higher quality fruits. Besides, elite seedlings cannot do without this variety.
What kind is it?
Amber is one of the most common autumn apple varieties, which is popular in the Middle Urals.
He remains one of the leading for many years.
However, in years with higher temperatures, it behaves more like an early autumn variety..
It should be noted that in such cases, the fruits lose their ability to long-term storage.
Zoned apple variety Yantar in the Ural, Volga-Vyatka and West Siberian regions.
It requires cross-pollination. In this regard, it is recommended to plant trees close to pollinators. As the last most commonly used varieties such as Empire, Renet Simirenko, Fuji, Gala, Super Chef. There are also other, no less good pollinators.
Apples of this variety are distinguished by their ability to be stored in excellent form for a long time.. After harvesting, the fruit is carefully picked, separated from rotten and damaged. Then they are put in boxes and put in a dark, cool place. The most suitable are cellars or cellars.
Description variety Yantvr
Apple trees of Yantar variety have medium growth parameters. The plant is winter-hardy and differs sprawling and sparse, but quite strong crown.
All the main branches of the apple tree are slightly sinuous, covered with gray bark and grow mainly from the trunk only at a right angle. Some branches at the top of the tree obliquely lift up. It should be noted that a special branching of the same age is observed in nurseries.
For Amber characteristic shoots, painted with a grayish-brownish tint. As a rule, they are long, thin and cranked.
Thin leaflets of greenish color have an oval, slightly flattened shape.. They have a slightly rounded base, as well as a pointed tip with a small nose. For such apple trees characterized by tricogy serrated edges. The stalks on them are either medium or longer. Stipules have a small size and saber form.
In the period of flowering in the trees appear cupped flowers of average sizes. They are painted white. Buds have a soft cream color. The stigmas of the pistils are approximately at the same level as the dust particles, but they can also be located slightly higher than them.
The size of the fruit of this variety is small - the weight of an average apple varies from forty to seventy grams.
All fruits taper to the base, so the largest diameter is above the middle. Fruits are towering with a smooth surface.
Their skin is colored amber-yellow and does not have a so-called top blush.. They have enough little funnel, which is often reduced from two sides. It is characterized by weak rust and radiance.
The fruit on the apples are long and thin. Saucers of Amber are flat and have five hillocks. The cups are closed, and the underbladder tubes are bag-shaped.
Hearts of fruits bulb with wide-open seed chambers. The latter contain a large number of round and small seeds of dark brown color.
Pulp Apples has a characteristic cream color. She is enough dense, fine-grained and quite juicy. Such pulp is attributed to the piercing type. The fruit has a pronounced sweet-sour taste.
A photo
In the photos below you can see how the fruits of the apple tree Yantar look.
Breeding history
Yantar apple variety is considered to be an early autumn variety.. It was first launched at the Sverdlovsk Experimental Horticultural Station.
Its author is called P.A. Dibrov.y Trees with more improved characteristics were obtained by sowing a mixture of different seeds of free pollination, which were brought earlier from Michurinsk.
Zoning is most common in the Volga-Vyatka, West Siberian, and Ural regions. Given the relatively small size of the fruit, it should be noted that this variety is not deprived of its huge, former popularity in the areas of its distribution. However, with the receipt of a large number of new, better-quality winter and autumn varieties of apples, a tendency towards a noticeable decrease in its number on the territory of new gardens began to be observed.
In breeding, Amber is used to produce winter varieties that are distinguished by higher quality fruits.: On-screen with Sverdlovsk dweller, Emerald with Isetskom late, Papirountarnoe and Pepin Sverdlovsk, as well as others.
Natural growth region
This variety is popular because of its resistance to relatively low temperatures.
In this regard, it can be planted in warm and harsh conditions.
The Ural region is a great place for orchards with apple trees Amber. Its main advantage is the rapid adaptation to a variety of natural conditions..
He has the ability to remain in the trunk. It should also be noted that neither frosty wind, cold, nor a sharp drop in temperature at the end of spring is terrible for apple trees.
Yield
Apple fruit Yantar well kept on the branches of trees. For long-term winter storage (approximately until the end of January), they should be removed slightly immature. Harvesting usually occurs after August 25. After that, the apples begin to fill, which gives them even greater taste. However, during this period they already belong to the early autumn consumption.
"Yantar" is a high-yielding variety. So, trees usually bear fruit for the first time already five to seven years after budding and provide a regular harvest every year throughout life.
Planting and care
Apple trees Yantar are grown from saplings or shanks.
First way is more common and is planting trees in a properly selected area.
Second option involves the grafting of the cuttings to the rootstock.
The landing process takes place either in autumn until mid-October, or in early spring. For landing it is better to choose a place that will be reliably protected from cold winds for a whole year. It is necessary that the selected area was either flat or with a slight slope. If possible, an apple tree is better to plant in a more elevated place..
Soil under this grade choose medium loamy, so that moisture with nutrients is retained in the ground for a long time. It should also be noted that this soil has a high air permeability. Thus, according to the criteria for planting apple trees, meadow-chernozem and sod-podzolic soils are also suitable.
One square meter will require 10 kilograms of manure, 20 kilograms of compost, and up to 50 grams of fertilizer. It is better to fertilize the land with any one of the substances.
The seedling is planted in a hole with a depth of up to 0.6 meters with a diameter of about 0.7 meters.
When digging, it is necessary to carefully remove the upper fertile part of the ground to the side in order to cover the seedling root with it.
The bottom layer is used as a roller that can hold moisture for a long time.. Then they well loosen the bottom and start planting the seedling directly.
It is necessary to take a responsible approach to this matter, because the development of a tree depends on the correct method of planting. Apple trees Yantar planted so that the root neck as a result was centimeters five above the ground level.
Sapling should be gently shaken while the pit falls asleep - The soil lays more tightly and the holes formed between the roots, completely filled. By the end of the soil trample, gradually compacting it.
Watering apple trees, it is necessary to remember that abundant watering will adversely affect the development of these trees. Usually, during the summer season, several waterings are enough.
Also, one should not neglect preventive measures that help prevent the occurrence of diseases: regular digging of the topsoil, annual whitewashing of a tree trunk, mulching, timely collection of ripe and fallen fruits, cleaning of dry leaves from the ground. After all, with proper care, the trees of apple trees of Yantar variety yield a higher yield.
Diseases and pests
The variety Yantar is practically not exposed to various pests and diseases. However, in rainy years, trees often become infected with scab. To avoid this, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures.
For this purpose, apple trees are planted on elevated areas, making sure that the trees were not dry and thickening branches. Besides, should provide good ventilation as well as light. No less important is nutrition - you need not to overfeed the plants with mineral fertilizers.
If the apple tree is still infected with a scab, then it is necessary to clear the branches of the leaves, which showed signs of disease.
As a means to combat it, various chemicals are used "Skor", "HOM", "Polykhom".
Amber is a variety of delicious, juicy apples. They can be used not only in the whole form. Jam and jams are made from them, juices and delicious compotes are prepared. Appreciate these fruits for a pleasant sweet-sour taste and high yields for several decades.
