Pear It is considered one of the oldest garden cultures. The first varieties were bred several thousand years ago, and since then breeders and genetics have been constantly working on the development of new varieties.
One of the most popular bred varieties is “Severyanka”. In this article you will learn how to plant a pear "Northerner"and what kind of care she needs and when to harvest.
Pear "Severyanka", general information
Pear "Severyanka" got its name for a reason, which simplifies the description of the variety. When breeding, the main task was to create a winter-hardy variety of pears, while it was necessary to ensure resistance to diseases, as well as preserve the taste and beneficial properties of the fruit.
Did you know? The author of the variety is P.N. Yakovlev, he was obtained as a result of crossing varieties Koparechka number 12 and Favorite Klapp.
Variety pears "Northerner" is the earliest. Fruiting begins already at 5 years. TO merits This variety can be attributed to the early ripening of fruits and high yields, good winter hardiness and a very low probability of scab damage.
Of deficiencies It is possible to distinguish the small size of the fruits and their high shedding, which affects the quality of the crop. "Severyanka" is practically not used in industrial production, but in amateur gardening it is quite popular to this day.
Did you know? When breeding pear varieties Tyutchevskaya and Yeseninsky "Severyanka" was used as one of the parent forms.
Pear planting technology
Pear "Severyanka" from undemanding trees, but at the same time, proper planting and care are very important to her. Sapling must be planted in a prepared pit. It is best to prepare it a couple of weeks before disembarking.
The pit should be approximately 1x1 m in size, and 0.5-0.6 m in depth. In the pit, add a couple of compost buckets, 0.8 kg of superphosphate, 0.2 kg of potash fertilizers and mix them thoroughly with the ground. Planting "Severyanka" usually either in late spring or early autumn.
Important! When choosing seedlings is best to give preference to two years. It is believed that they take root best.
How to choose a place for planting seedlings
If possible, "Severyanka" desirable to plant in sunny places that are protected from the wind. The soil should be loamy or sandy. Keep in mind that this type of pear is very sensitive to moisture, so if the groundwater is near the ground (depth less than 2 m), the tree may die, so planting it in such a place is not recommended.
Pear planting scheme
Pear "Severyanka" has a planting scheme and cultivation, which is not different from other pears. In order to plant a tree, you must perform simple steps:
- Dip the roots in the clay mash;
- Cut off all broken branches, if any;
- Put a seedling in a hole;
- Fill the pit with earth;
- To water a plant with two buckets of water (how best to water a pear read below);
- Snap a sapling to a peg.
How to water a pear variety "Severyanka"
Pear variety "Northerner" does not like excessive moisture, as well as does not tolerate dryness, so it is best to water it with sprinkling, because it provides the entire root system of the plant with moisture, as in normal rain.
If there is no possibility to water the tree in this way, it is necessary to make a 15-centimeter ditch around the plant and pour water there. The average regularity of irrigation: 2-3 times in spring and the same in summer.
Important! In case of severe drought, the amount of watering can and should be increased.
Pear fertilizer
In the spring, it is recommended to feed a pear before blooming with kidney nitrogen fertilizer (urea or saltpeter); bird droppings are also allowed. After flowering, it is necessary to feed the plant to improve the quality of the future harvest with nitroammophotic, diluted in water 1x200.
In the summer of pear "Northerner", following the description of the developer, you need to feed mineral fertilizers. It is best done during irrigation, so fertilizers will be distributed more evenly and will give the best result. Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are recommended. 2-3 times for "Northerners" will be quite enough.
In the autumn period, the pear can be fed humus. A positive effect on the plant has the introduction of wood ash for digging. You can feed and mineral fertilizers: 1 tbsp. L potassium chloride and 2 tbsp. liter of superphosphate in a bucket of water.
How to trim a pear
The first pruning is necessary for Severyanka right after the planting of the seedling, when its height is in the range of 70-90 cm. Shoots are shortened by at least 1/3, but so that at least 3 well-developed buds remain on it.
With the side branches do the same. This procedure is carried out every spring, for 3 years after planting the seedling. In the following years of life, thinning and sanitary pruning is carried out.
Did you know? Thinning pruning increases the longevity of the tree, increases the quantity and quality of the crop. Sanitary pruning is a complex set of measures that are used to damage a tree with various diseases.
Pear "Severyanka": harvesting and preservation of fruits
Pears very often removable maturity does not coincide with the consumer. This is especially true of the variety "Severyanka", so you should consider some of the nuances. Fruit ripening depends on weather conditions, therefore, it is difficult to recommend any specific calendar dates for picking fruit.
Pear variety "Severyanka" refers to high-yielding, so with quality care, you can count on a crop of 50-60 kg, and with the most favorable weather conditions, the crop can be 90-100 kg. A sign of the maturity of the fruit is the appearance of a uniformly yellow color in the skin. Harvesting pears begins in the tenth of August, and continues until the end of the month.
The peculiarity of the "Northerner" is that, then fully mature fruits instantly showered for 2-3 days. Such fruits are stored for up to 10 days in a cool place. For this reason, experts advise starting harvesting pears a week earlier, before the fruits begin to fall. In addition to preserving the aesthetic appearance, pears collected this way will be stored much longer - up to 2 months.
If you decide to plant in your garden a variety of pears "Severyanka", then you definitely will not regret it. This is a relatively unpretentious tree, resistant to the vagaries of the weather and pests, and its fruits are tasty and healthy, and most importantly - they will grow a lot!
