All garden crops, including cabbage, are prone to disease. It is much easier to carry out preventive measures against infection with them than to treat acquired ones. Moreover, some of them can not be treated.
Bacterial and viral diseases of cabbage: symptoms and control methods
The whole edible part of the cabbage is above ground, therefore, processing with pesticides to kill cabbage diseases means harming one's own health. Poisonous substances that are dangerous to the human body, being absorbed into the leaves, accumulate there and remain forever. Therefore, prevention, especially folk methods, is always preferable.
Mucous bacteriosis
Such a disease of cabbage, as mucous bacteriosis occurs mainly during storage, when the temperature regime is significantly elevated. The disease develops due to bacteria and proceeds in two ways: the outer leaves rot, an unpleasant smell emanates from them, then the stalk begins to rot; The second option - begins rotting from the head, mucus is formed, then leaves are affected. Opportunities of the disease contribute to too large doses of nitrogen, heavy rainfall or watering, non-compliance with crop rotation. For prevention and control should:
- grow hybrid varieties that are immune to the disease,
- eliminate pests throughout the season,
- do not disturb crop rotation
- disinfect the crop where it is stored,
- observe temperature storage conditions
- process the seeds before planting,
- handle the roots of seedlings ("Fitoflavin-300").
Vascular bacteriosis
Cabbage bacteriosis occurs at any stage of development: the disease falls on a plant with insects or during rains. Manifested by yellowing of the affected leaf, then streaks black on it. Subsequently, the leaves darken completely and die. The problem is that a viable bacterium remains in the soil for up to two years. Control and prevention measures:
- To plant hybrids, they are more resistant;
- Plant in the same place at least four years;
- Time to remove weeds.
Cabbage mosaic
This viral disease is spread by weeds of the cruciferous family, affected by aphids. First, the cabbage streaks brighten, then stop growing, and the leaf frowns. Prevention is to fight with aphids and weeds, the disease can not be treated. Affected heads must be dug and burned.
Fungal diseases of cabbage: symptoms and ways to fight
Almost all fungi are diluted in a humid environment, with improper storage or neglect of seed disinfection or seedlings.
Alternaria (black spot)
Most often, the disease appears in the storage areas of seedlings and harvested crops. Black stripes and spots appear on the seedlings, which causes wilting. In adult plants, spots are accompanied by a soot scurf. Sometimes the raid falls inside the head, which is also accompanied by spots that turn on the leaves. Preventive actions: hydrothermal treatment of seeds or their treatment with TMTD, compliance with crop rotation and timely removal of weeds. During the growing season can be treated with preparations containing copper.
White rot
This disease develops in wet and cool weather, during the formation of the head. The main signs of the disease appear already in storage. Mucus appears on the leaves, and the black points of the spores of this fungus grow around the lesion.
Prevention consists in disinfecting the storage facility; you only need to harvest in dry weather, leaving three centimeters of head in the ground and a couple of lower leaves. When an infection is found in the storage location, the affected areas are removed and covered with chalk.
White rust
The causative agent of the fungus is a parasite, which is bred on weeds. The development is helped by wet weather or the presence of water on the leaves. The affected parts of the cabbage become fleshy, the edges of the leaves curl. Prevention: the destruction of weeds, tillage from pests before planting. Seed plants can be sprayed with Ridomil Gold.
Quila
The causative agent of the keel in cabbage is the cystospores of the lower fungus that are stored in the soil. The cunning of the disease is that at the early stage it is difficult to notice. You can find it only by digging cabbage, on its roots there will be growths of different sizes. A symptom of the disease - wilting leaves. The disease spreads in wet, cool weather, with affected seedlings. Therefore, before planting, inspect seedlings. To prevent damage from the keel, soil treatment with slaked lime will help; fungicides can also be used.
Important! In no case should the affected leaves be given kila to feed the cattle. The fungus will go into the manure, further in a circle.
Downy mildew (perinospora)
Infection with peronosporosis occurs through seeds or soil. Both seedlings and adult cabbage are sick. The first signs of the disease appear on young leaves in the form of yellow spots on the outside of the leaf. With the spread of the disease on the leaves appears gray putrid plaque - spores.
For prevention, treat the seeds before sowing, observe crop rotation. In case of occurrence of the disease, treat the cabbage "Fitoftorin" - this is a biological product.
Mealy dew
Powdery mildew lesions are covered with white powdery powdery powder. Since the plaque is wiped off like dust, many perceive it as well. There is a gray patina on the inside of the sheet, yellow spots appear on the outside. As soon as you notice something like this, start treating Fitosporin-M, use it once every three weeks until you get rid of the disease.
Rhizoctoniosis
Damage occurs when soil gets on the leaves. First, orange-yellow specks appear, which gradually spread the infection to the whole plant, ulcers form on the leaf petioles, root cervix turn yellow, roots root, and the plant dies. When the disease appears, spray the plant with a 0.2% solution of copper oxychloride. Preventive measures are to comply with the conditions of planting and development of cabbage.
Gray rot
In this disease, the lesion occurs at the place where the cabbage is stored. Spores of the fungus thrive in high humidity, inhabiting the cabbages of fluffy mold, while the cabbage leaves are in black spots. Preventive measures:
- During the period of growth to monitor watering, it should be moderate;
- Do not overdo it with nitrogen supplements;
- Remove dry and yellowed leaves from the head;
- Disinfect before storing the crop.
Dry rot (fomoz)
Phomosis of cabbage is manifested by white spots with dark patches on the leaves of cabbage. You can confuse with a black leg, but with this disease the sick areas are gray, and the underside of the leaf is lilac. Here the methods of spraying "Fitosporin-M" of the affected areas help, and for prevention, before sowing, treat the seeds with Tigam 0.5%.
Black leg of cabbage
Cabbage black leg is a rather dangerous infection, it is important to figure out how to deal with this fungus, because it multiplies very quickly. The causative agent of the disease is in the soil and feels good with an increased level of acidity and humidity. Cabbage is the most susceptible, too often planted and overfed with nitrogen fertilizers. Sick plants dry out, the root neck becomes thinner, and the lower part of the trunk rots on the seedlings of the affected fungus.
Before planting, it is necessary to decontaminate the soil with 1% potassium permanganate solution, treat the seeds with "Fundazole" or "Planriz". Unfortunately, there is no cure: diseased plants are cleaned, burned, and the soil is disinfected with marcinate.
Late blight
When infected with late blight, the fungus spreads from the stem to the leaves, affecting the head. The shoots covering the head become dark brown. Between the leaves affected white fluff spore. Yield loss with late blight - 50% of the fruit.
Did you know? The disease was discovered in 1974 in the vaults of England, in 1984 it struck the cabbage in Germany, and in 1996 the outbreak of late blight was diagnosed in the Russian vaults.
How to handle the cabbage in this case is not yet known. There are only preventive measures: compliance with crop rotation, disinfection of soil and seedlings, and you should not plant bulbs near
Attention! Harvesting immediately after the rain, not allowing the cabbage to dry, will significantly increase the possibility of late blight infection.
Fusarium wilt (tracheomycosis)
The popular name is jaundice, as with this disease the leaves turn yellow and are not tied to the head. Even if tied, it will be a shriveled, skewed plant with fallen bottom leaves. This infection can destroy most of the crop. There are no methods to combat this disease of cabbage. For prevention, diseased plants are removed and the soil is treated with manganese solutions with potassium or copper sulfate.
Cabbage disease prevention
Before planting, preventive procedures can and should be carried out, at this stage it is possible to use chemical compounds that are contraindicated during the period of plant development. It is better to use less aggressive natural products, but they are not as effective., if we consider that in most cases, the means of controlling cabbage fungal diseases are not found. Often it is necessary to destroy adult plants. Natural varieties are more susceptible to diseases; hybrids, respectively, are affected less frequently, and under all the conditions of planting and storage, weather conditions (minimum moisture), the plants do not get sick at all.
Disease prevention includes a set of procedures. In the autumn after harvesting the soil must be carefully dug, then treated with chemical or folk remedies. Chemicals: Cumulus DF, Fitosporin; natural broths from hot pepper, horsetail or upright marigolds.
Important for the prevention of proper crop rotation, that is, the alternation of different crops in one place. Thus the soil is less depleted, and the plants are less exposed to diseases. In order to protect young seedlings in the early stages of its development, it is necessary to add up to 50 g of wood ash to the well. This should be done directly during the landing in the soil. During development, it is possible to treat Planriz, Baktofit or Fitoflavin-300, which are not dangerous for our health.
Cabbage is a great vegetable, you can cook a lot of dishes from it, you can eat raw and drink cabbage juice, which is very useful for the stomach, used as a filling for pies and pies, maintain strength and vitamin level during diets.
Interesting! There is a legend that says that Alexander the Great, before important battles, gave his soldiers sheets of cabbage. It was believed that she gives vitality, self-confidence and destroys the feeling of fear.Medicinal properties of cabbage have long been studied, but perhaps not to the end, according to legend.
